Mathematical Modeling of Urban Population Changes Essay

Mathematical Modeling of Urban Population Changes Background of Issue The growth of population is the issue that caused widespread concern in the world now. As the world’s top 1 populous country, China’s population problem becoming more prominent. Because of the base of large population, although China has implemented the one-child policy to practice family planning, population is still increasing greatly. This huge population pressure has brought a series of problems on China’s social, political, economic, health, employment, etc. therefore, research and solve the population problem is particularity important for China. [3]Usually people will notice that in newspapers about population growth forecast, when it comes to the end of this†¦show more content†¦[1] |Year |1988 |1989 | | | | (million) | difference | |1992 | 1158.23 | 1156.16 | 2.07 | |1993 | 1171.71 | 1169.14 | 2.57 | |1994 | 1185.17 | 1182.26 | 2.91 | |1995 | 1198.50 | 1195.53 | 2.97 | |1996 | 1211.21 | 1208.94 | 2.27 | |1997 | 1223.89 | 1222.51 | 1.38 | |1998 | 1236.26 | 1236.23 | 0.03 | Implication of the results As the natural population growth rate for these years is 0.01116 at average, this modeling reflects the actual situation well. According to the forecast, until 2016 China’sShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Climate on Suicide Rates Essay examples1502 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology, and sociocultural factors influence the probability for suicide in individuals and populations. 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The Rate Of Poverty Among Elderly Receiving State Pension...

In 2015 The Jersey Household Income Distribution Survey reported that there are approximately 4900 pensioners living in poverty -described as relative low income (after the housing cost) -who exclusively rely on the Jersey State`s pension and have no other source of income except Income Support contributions. It meant that one in every three pensioners struggled to meet basic needs such as housing, food, heating or paying other necessary bills. This figure equated to 28% of all OAPs in Jersey, and it is double of the figure in the UK (14%) (Chief Minister`s Statistic Unit, 2015). The information on the scale of poverty among elderly receiving state pension came after last year`s government decision to remove ten millions pounds from the budget of Social Security,which resulted in the benefit cuts for those with the lowest incomes. While those cuts did not affect state pension itself, which currently stands at  £ 204.15 full rate per week for single person and  £339.01 per couple (gov.je/benefits/pensionsretirement), it had an impact on additional benefits claimed through means tested Income Support (IS) which are household benefits designed to aid in meeting the most basic needs of a Jersey resident such as `the cost of living, housing, medical needs, childcare and carers` (http://www.gov.je/Benefits/IncomeSupport/Pages/index.aspx). The rationale behind the state pension with the Income Support components was that it would lift households at least to the level of a RelativeShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The Elderly2078 Words   |  9 PagesResearch 1) Background Poverty of the elderly is a sensitive political issue in South Korea and it seems to be agreed that welfare policy should address this problem urgently. 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Investigation Report of Possible Bioterrorism-Related Activity

Question: Discuss the investigation report of possible bioterrorism-related activity. Answer: Introduction Bioterrorism agents are the agents used for bioterrorism which is a form of terrorism here living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins are intentionally used to kill or cause sickness. These agents are difficult to detect and can be spread in the air as aerosols or in food or drink to infect as many people as possible. These agents may be genetically modified by those who want to use them as a weapon. There are no accurate tests available to screen inhabitants who do not show any sign, may have been exposed to a bioterrorism agent. Rapid molecular assay is available to detect the agent who shows symptoms. This particular slide in a case study shows presence of Brucella spp. which causes Brucellosis a disease caused due to the intake of milk which is not pasteurized along with soft cheeses which is made infected animals milks, especially goats. Pathogenesis Brucella spp. is aerobic gram-negative coccobacillius generally with no pinpoint or able to be seen at 24 hrs. It grows gradually on the majority of lab media which include chocolate and sheep blood, and After 48 hrs. Growth on slides appears translucent, pinpoint, and smooth colony.Brucella can go into the human body via any cuts present in the skin, conjunctivae, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal (GI) tracts and respiratory and. Once it has been entered into the bloodstream, these particular organisms rapidly become pathogens which are contained within circulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and macrophages, which make them use of various mechanisms in order to suppress or avoid bactericidal responses. Most patients who are infected with these bacteria shows general symptoms, such as fever, malaise, sweats. (Xavier, Paixao, Hartigh, Tsolis Santos, 2010) Treatment Prognosis is generally excellent. Tetracyclines, rifampicin,amino glycosides such as streptomycin and gentamicin are various Antibiotics which are very mush effective against Brucella bacteria. (Smits, 2012)However, use of more than single antibiotic treatment is required for several days as these particular bacteria can attack within cells. More specific care is required in case other systems are involved, Doxycyclines, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Rifampin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) are commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of these particular bacteria. Combination therapy is required in patients with nervous system infections. However, the diagnosis is little poor in people, who are having endocarditis which occurs due to congestive heart failure. In endocarditis, surgery is required for a best outcome. Prevention Intake of milk which is not pasteurized and products made from milk, as well as undercooked or raw meats, are supposed to be avoided. Proper Immunization of cattle is required to fight against this disease. Infected animals or animal products shall be properly handled. Immunization cannot be done in humans as it may cause disease in humans due to use of attenuated vaccine. Brucella spp can be used as a biological weapon because this organism can enter humans through abrasions or cuts which can lead to serious infection. Sentinel labs and their role in recognizing potential episodes of bioterrorism In the nations Laboratory Response Network (LRN) all laboratories which have ability to analyze samples or specimens having biological toxin or microbial agent works as sentinels. All these sentinel labs works to recover the bioterrorism agents from specimens of patients and then pass on the particular suspected isolates to the proper public laboratory. If in case it is determined by the officials that the attack of bioterrorism has occurred, institute designs a proper preventive and protective measures in order to minimize the spread of particular disease. References 118 Xavier, M., A. Paixao, T., B. den Hartigh, A., M. Tsolis, R., L. Santos, R. (2010). Pathogenesis of Brucella spp. TOVSJ, 4(1), 109-118. https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874318801004010109 Smits, H. (2012). Control and prevention of brucellosis in small ruminants: time for action. Veterinary Record, 170(4), 97-98. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.e666

Optical Illusions Essays - Brain, Cerebrum, Neuroanatomy

Optical Illusions My research paper is about the anatomy of an optical illusion. Optical Illusions are relevant to aviation in that the main guidance system of most aircraft on most flights is the pilot's eyes. Everyone, including pilots, is susceptible to an optical illusion. The hazards of optical illusions are many considering that at any time during the flight they can cause a healthy and experienced pilot to become confused, delusional and generally disoriented with obvious possible consequences. This is why we must study and be aware of optical illusions so that we may be better prepared should we encounter one at a critical time. To better illustrate the origins of optical illusions I will review some parts of the brain and their functions. The brain has seven main parts, they are: the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the cerebellum, the brain stem, the corpus callosum, the two hemispheres, and the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum. The thalamus is located just above the brain stem. It acts like a switchboard, deciding what to do with the messages that come to the brain. If you were reacting to a situation like flying in a dogfight, and radio chatter was coming through your headphones, your thalamus would ignore the radio chatter. The hypothalamus controls our emotions such as happiness and sadness. It also controls our sense of temperature and our feeling of hunger. It is located directly in front of the thalamus. It is also one of the organs that is fully developed when you are born. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls our muscles. When we are born, our cerebellums aren't fully developed. That's why we didn't do things in a coordinated manner with our limbs. We moved shakily with our bodies because messages from another part of our brain called the cerebrum weren't organized by the cerebellum. The brain stem is located at the back of the brain, right below the thalamus. It has the responsibility of taking care of involuntary movements such as breathing, blinking, and making our heart beat. The cerebrum is the largest part of our brain. It takes care of our motor skills such as speaking, walking, and writing. These skills are operated in the outside layer of the brain, called the cortex. It is the last part of the brain to develop and is unique only in humans. The cerebrum is divided into two halves, or hemispheres. Our major learning senses are located within the two hemispheres. The corpus callosum is the connector for the two hemispheres of the brain and sends messages between the hemispheres. Your corpus callosum is able to send about twenty messages per second and routes them to various nerve cells called neurons. The brain receives messages through these neurons. Scientists believe that for every ten billion cells in the body, one billion of them are neurons. Can you see a square? Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that an area of the brain previously thought to process only simple visual information also tackles complex images such as optical illusions. Research, conducted with animals, provided evidence that both the simple and more complex areas of the brain are involved in different aspects of vision and work cooperatively, rather than in a rigid hierarchy, as scientists previously believed. The Scientists compare vision to an orchestra, where clusters of cells in different parts of the brain cooperate to process different components of visual information such as vertical or horizontal orientation, color, size, shape, movement, and distinctions between overlapping objects. The MIT research focused on an area of the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of gray matter that envelops the entire brain called the primary visual cortex, also known as V1 and Area 17 of the brain. In humans that area is about five centimeters in diameter, about the size of four postage stamps and a couple millimeters deep on both sides of the rear of the head, just below the crown. The V1 area is the first point of entry in the brain's cortex of visual information from the eye's retina. Earlier the V1 was thought to be involved only in processing very simple spatial orientations, such as whether an object is placed

Dnatas financial performance

Dnatas financial performance Data gathering In the process of conducting the study, a number of issues which include the source of data, its accuracy and credibility were taken into account in the process of gathering the necessary data. The study mainly relied on secondary sources of data.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Dnata’s financial performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was achieved by gathering data from published company reports posted on the firm’s official website and from other credible data bases. For example, the study relied on the financial information published by the Emirates Group on Dnata’s financial performance. As a result, a high degree of credibility, accuracy and reliability was ensured. In an effort to gather sufficient amount of data, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed. A comprehensive review of the questionnaire was undertaken prior its administration to the respondents in order to eliminate any form of errors and ambiguity. The questionnaire included both open-ended and close-ended questions. Open-ended questionnaires were used in order to provide the respondents with an opportunity to communicate their opinion while close-ended questionnaires were used where a specific answer was required. The questionnaires focused on five main areas which include the operational cost, trend of fuel prices, the impact of fuel process on the firm’s operation, logistics and location and how outsourcing can be used to minimize the challenges associated with high fuel prices. Considering the fact that the respondents are very busy, the questionnaires were mailed in time in order to provide them with ample time to look at them.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The target population for the study included all Dnata Company employees. In an e ffort to simplify the study process, the concept of sampling was integrated. Fifteen employees were selected to be the respondents. By selecting a small sample size, it was possible to increase the power of the study. Maxwell (2005) asserts that a large sample size reduces the power of a particular study due to numerous errors. However, a small sample size reduces such errors. As a result, the researcher was able to improve the degree to which the findings of the study can be relied upon in addition to lowering the cost of the study. Employees from different job categories were selected to be the respondents. Some of the respondents belonged to the top level management while others belonged to lower level of management. However, it was ensured that the respondents selected were conversant with the impact of high fuel prices on the operation of Dnata Company. Data analysis Both qualitative and quantitative data research methods of data analysis were used. This was achieved by integra ting descriptive statistics and inferential data analysis methods. Descriptive statistics entails calculating the mean, mode, frequencies and percentages. On the other hand, inferential statistics entails integrating tests such as t-test and the chi-square. Such tests aid in evaluating the statistical difference between categorical variables. On the other hand, multivariate analysis will be used to assess the impact of high fuel prices on the performance of Dnata Company. The research questions considered in the study will be analyzed individually.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Dnata’s financial performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By using descriptive statistics, the researcher will be able to condense the voluminous data collected. The data collected will be presented using tables, graphs and charts. As a result, it will be easy for a large number of stakeholders to interpret the findings. Re sults Analysis of how the rise in oil price has affected Dnata’s operation Oil is an important component in the operation of organizations in various economic sectors. The data gathered from secondary sources shows that the UAE has been experiencing a significant fluctuation in oil prices over the past five years. The chart below illustrates the trend in the performance of crude oil price in the UAE from 2008 to 2012. Figure 1 Source: (Index Mundi, 2013) The chart shows that the price of oil in the UAE reduced significantly from May 2008 to November 2008. However, the downward trend was reversed from 2009 and the country been experiencing an upward trend with regard to oil prices as illustrated by the graph.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The table below shows a summary of the average oil price per barrel in UAE and the associated percentage change from 2008 to 2012. The chart shows that oil price from 2009 to 2012 has experienced minimal change. This explains why the cost of doing business in the UAE has been very high. Year Average oil price per barrel in AED Percentage change 2008 577.49 13% 2009 232.4 5.14% 2010 286.66 1.15% 2011 389.39 1.58% 2012 287.1 0.15% Figure 2 High oil prices increases the risks faced by an organization. From the illustrations above, it one can assert that Dnata is exposed to numerous financial risks. Consequently, it is fundamental for the firm’s management team to conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation on the risks that the firm faces. This will result in development of greater insight on the most effective risk control measures. This will improve the effectiveness with which the firm implements effective risk control mechanisms. The mechanisms integrated should enable the firm balance between the risks faced and the returns gained. Most of the respondents cited market risk as one of the greatest challenges that Dnata is currently facing. The respondents said that Dnata is currently exposed to a high degree of market volatility as a result of the prevailing fluctuation in oil prices. The high oil prices in the UAE have persisted since 2008 despite the numerous financial and economic reforms undertaken by the government to address the situation. The reforms instituted by the UAE government have significantly boosted business confidence amongst investors in various economic sectors. Dnata has experienced a significant increment in the cost of its operation over the past five years. The cost has been relatively high compared to the revenue. The increment is as a result of the high oil prices. The chart below illustrates the operating cost that the firm incurred from 2008 to 2012. The chart shows that the cost of operation has been on a n upward trend. Â  AED Year Amount in million 2007/2008 34,359 2008/2009 40,988 2009/2010 39,890 2010/2011 48,788 2011/2012 60,474 Figure 3 Figure 4 The high oil price has adversely affected the Dnata’s financial performance. The chart below illustrates the firm’s financial performance over the past five years. Year and amount in million AED 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012 Revenue and operating income 2,565 3,181 3,160 4,406 7,000 Operating cost 2,340 2,714 2,601 3,906 6,207 Operating profit 245 467 559 500 793 Figure 5 The table above indicates that Dnata has been experiencing a positive financial performance despite the high oil prices. This is evidenced by the increase in the firm’s level of profitability. During its 2011/2012 financial year, Dnata attained the highest level of profitability. The increment was associated with the aggressive international expansion strategy that the firm has integrated in i ts strategic management. The graph below shows the percentage change in the firm’s level of profitability from 2008 to 2012. Year Percentage change 2007/2008 12% 2008/2009 16% 2009/2010 19% 2010/2011 13% 2011/2012 12% Figure 6 Source (Emirates Group, 2012) Figure 7 Figure 8 The Middle East airline industry is expected to grow with a margin of 6.4% over the next two decades. The growth is expected to emanate from development in both long-haul and short-haul forms of air travel. An analysis of how outsourcing will help Dnata address the financial crisis In an effort to enhance its sustainability, Dnata Company entered into a 2-year partnership agreement with Al Ahli Club in 2012. During the two years, Dnata will act as the travel agent for the club. When asked about the impact of the partnership on the firm’s future sustainability, the respondents were of different opinion. Eighty percent (80%) of the respodents were of the opinion that the partnership will enable the firm increase its profitabilty. This is due to the fact that the partnershp with Al Ahli Club will stimulate higher sales revenue. The respondent were of the opinion that the partnership presents a unique opportunity for Dnata to market its services to a large number of potential customers. On the other hand, 90% of the respondents said that the partnership will enable Dnata develop a high level of loyalty amongst its customers. This is due to the fact that Al Ahli is one of the most popular clubs in the UAE and has a strong base of loyal fans. Discussion High oil prices have been a subject of concern for many organisaitons. Despite their enormous oil reserves, countries within the MENA region such as the UAE are ranked amongst the economies with the highest oil prices in the world. One of the reasons that explain the high oil price relates to the high rate of speculation by the various stakeholders. Business process outsourcing is one of the most effective strategie s that Dnata Company have integrate in its strategic manaagement. Effective implemenntation of the outsourcing strategy inncreases the effectiveness with which an organisation survives challenging economic times. Firstly, outsourcign enable an organisation to minimise the cost of operation. This is due to the fact that some operations are transferred to the outsourced firm. Secondly, outsourcing plays a fundamental role in attracting and retaining customers. Currently, the UAE is experieincing a financial crisis. Consequently, it is fundamental for Dnata’s management team to be effective in implementing its outsourcing strategy. Conclusion The study shows that the airline industry in the UAE is facing a major threat emanating from changes oil prices. Over the past five years, oil price in the UAE has been on an upward trend. This has presented a major challenge to firms within the industry in their quest to maximize profit. However, Dnata has managed to sustain a positive fin ancial performance despite the prevailing financial crisis in the UAE. One of the factors that have contributed to the firm’s success is effective integration of administrative strategies. For example, the firm has integrated the concept of merger and acquisition in its operation. As a result, Dnata has been able to achieve higher economies of scale. The high oil price in the UAE is one of the major challenges that Dnata Company will be required to deal with in order to survive in the long run. Thus, it is crucial for the firm to incorporate effective management strategies. One of the strategies that the firm should consider integrating is outsourcing. Outsourcing is ranked as one of the most effective strategies that can assist firms within the hospitality industry to deal with challenging economic situations such as financial crisis. Currently, the firm has entered into a partnership with Al Ahli Football Club. The partnership is likely to promote the firm’s sales re venue. This is due to the fact that the firm will be able to interact and create awareness to a large number of potential customers. To enhance its competitiveness, it is essential for Dnata conduct a comprehensive market analysis to in order to identify potential firms with which it can enter into a partnership agreement with. Secondly, to improve the effectiveness with which it deals with changes in oil price, it is fundamental for Dnata Company to incorporate the concept of hedging. Hedging will enable Dnata to safeguard itself from high oil price hence increasing the likelihood with which it sustains competitive ticket prices. By integrating these strategies, the likelihood of the firm attaining its profit goals will be increased. This is due to the fact that the firm will attract and maintain a large number of customers. Hedging will enable Dnata to compete on the basis of fair ticket prices. As a result, the firm will be able to appeal to a large number of potential customers. Upon integrating the above strategies, it is fundamental for the firm to conduct a continuous review of its performance. Reference List Emirates Group: Financial report. (2012). Web. Index Mundi: Crude oil. (2013). Web. Maxwell, J. (2005). Qualitative research design: an interactive approach. New Jersey: Sage Publication.

Nokia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nokia - Essay Example President will be the overseer managing everything through other people. Figure 1 displays how the chain of human resource would work; Making a move to Morocco will require creating a small subsidiary like company in Casablanca. Plus, from the demographic and survey reports, it is clear that the most skilled people live in Casablanca in Morocco, so Nokia’s search will be narrowed down. What they need to be looking are managers for finance, supply chain, sales and production. As the official language of Morocco is Arabic, there will be a lot of web apps needed to be developed specifically for Moroccan people in Arabic language. For this local IT experts and web developers will be welcomed. All of the departments will be in touch with the export manager, as he will be traffic sergeant of all the supplies from Finland, the home of Nokia. Another aspect that needs to be considered is how many personnel will need to hired from Morocco and how many will fly from Finland to Morocco. The reason for this plan is Nokia doesn’t need many phone manufacturing experts in Morocco, there is a complete powerhouse back in Finland for Nokia so there is hardly any need for establishing something along the manufacturing lines in Morocco. Nokia will only nee managers that can manage the sales and marker research side. The building will be located in Burgogne Ouest, which will give Nokia a central spot in the city to move and supply its Lumia phone easily throughout the city. Better access to phone markets will help refill shelves quickly than the competitors. Taxation system in Morocco consists of two paths; the direct and indirect taxation. Corporates come under the taxation frame known as â€Å"impà ´t sur les societies† or simply corporate tax (â€Å"Doing business in,†). Nokia will have to pay a tax rate of 30% of its income as given by Moroccan corporate law. This rate could

Toyota Strategic Analysis and Strategy Formulation Research Paper

Toyota Strategic Analysis and Strategy Formulation - Research Paper Example Strategic Management: Toyota Strategic Analysis and Strategy Formulation First, the company’s global vision is to â€Å"lead the way to the future of mobility, enriching lives around the world with the safest and most responsible way of moving people† (Toyota-global.com 2011). Further, this vision is based on the commitment to quality, high innovativeness and respect for the earth. From the company’s vision, it is clear that Toyota seeks to be the industry leader way into the future. The company’s mission statement is â€Å"To sustain profitable growth by providing the best possible customer experience and dealer support†. The mission and vision statements reveal that the company’s current and future are pegged on sustainability, quality and customer satisfaction. The company’s range of guiding principles involve honouring the every nations law to be a true global corporate citizen, respecting customs and cultures around the globe, production of cleans and safe products, outstanding products through technology, fostering individual creativity and teamwork through an appropriately enabling corporate culture, harmonious growth with the global community and healthy cooperation with stakeholders. From these objectives, it can be discerned that Toyota seeks to remain within the law at all times, provide quality and safe products, respecting the environment and the community while balancing this with stakeholder interests. These principles also indicate the time-tested ethical inclination of Toyota; sustainable development and respect for environment and harmony in the company’s work environment. Internally, the company not only seeks to comply with all labor and employment laws and regulations but goes a step further and establishes a culture for its employees based on mutual trust and mutual responsibility (Toyota Motor Corporation 2006, p. 8). The company’s values are integral in attainment of its objectives as it seeks to fulfill its mission and drive towards the established vision. Internal Analysis of Toyota The review of Toyota’s internal resources will follow the format of first establishing the strengths of the company and then the weaknesses. This will then be followed by an analysis of Toyota’s product development and a value chain analysis of Toyota’s operations. Strength: Organisational- The â€Å"Toyota Way† Toyota has successfully implemented their widely recognized â€Å"Toyota Way† strategy in all its global business operations. This strategy is based on operational excellence through a 4-P model; philosophy, process, people and problem solving. Philosophy is anchored on long-term thinking; process on waste elimination; people on respect, growth and chall enge; and problem solving through the concept of continuous improvement. The resultant effect of this strategy is organizational performance excellence due to sustenance of high quality that not only attracts customers but also makes them loyal (Liker 2004, pp. 1-2). The â€Å"Toyota way† is a clear strategic strength since it is tailor-made for the company as evidenced by the fact that most of the other operational excellence strategies pursued by organizations around the world were developed from it, including the popular â€Å"