Mathematical Modeling of Urban Population Changes Essay

Mathematical Modeling of Urban Population Changes Background of Issue The growth of population is the issue that caused widespread concern in the world now. As the world’s top 1 populous country, China’s population problem becoming more prominent. Because of the base of large population, although China has implemented the one-child policy to practice family planning, population is still increasing greatly. This huge population pressure has brought a series of problems on China’s social, political, economic, health, employment, etc. therefore, research and solve the population problem is particularity important for China. [3]Usually people will notice that in newspapers about population growth forecast, when it comes to the end of this†¦show more content†¦[1] |Year |1988 |1989 | | | | (million) | difference | |1992 | 1158.23 | 1156.16 | 2.07 | |1993 | 1171.71 | 1169.14 | 2.57 | |1994 | 1185.17 | 1182.26 | 2.91 | |1995 | 1198.50 | 1195.53 | 2.97 | |1996 | 1211.21 | 1208.94 | 2.27 | |1997 | 1223.89 | 1222.51 | 1.38 | |1998 | 1236.26 | 1236.23 | 0.03 | Implication of the results As the natural population growth rate for these years is 0.01116 at average, this modeling reflects the actual situation well. According to the forecast, until 2016 China’sShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Climate on Suicide Rates Essay examples1502 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology, and sociocultural factors influence the probability for suicide in individuals and populations. 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The Rate Of Poverty Among Elderly Receiving State Pension...

In 2015 The Jersey Household Income Distribution Survey reported that there are approximately 4900 pensioners living in poverty -described as relative low income (after the housing cost) -who exclusively rely on the Jersey State`s pension and have no other source of income except Income Support contributions. It meant that one in every three pensioners struggled to meet basic needs such as housing, food, heating or paying other necessary bills. This figure equated to 28% of all OAPs in Jersey, and it is double of the figure in the UK (14%) (Chief Minister`s Statistic Unit, 2015). The information on the scale of poverty among elderly receiving state pension came after last year`s government decision to remove ten millions pounds from the budget of Social Security,which resulted in the benefit cuts for those with the lowest incomes. While those cuts did not affect state pension itself, which currently stands at  £ 204.15 full rate per week for single person and  £339.01 per couple (gov.je/benefits/pensionsretirement), it had an impact on additional benefits claimed through means tested Income Support (IS) which are household benefits designed to aid in meeting the most basic needs of a Jersey resident such as `the cost of living, housing, medical needs, childcare and carers` (http://www.gov.je/Benefits/IncomeSupport/Pages/index.aspx). The rationale behind the state pension with the Income Support components was that it would lift households at least to the level of a RelativeShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The Elderly2078 Words   |  9 PagesResearch 1) Background Poverty of the elderly is a sensitive political issue in South Korea and it seems to be agreed that welfare policy should address this problem urgently. 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Investigation Report of Possible Bioterrorism-Related Activity

Question: Discuss the investigation report of possible bioterrorism-related activity. Answer: Introduction Bioterrorism agents are the agents used for bioterrorism which is a form of terrorism here living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins are intentionally used to kill or cause sickness. These agents are difficult to detect and can be spread in the air as aerosols or in food or drink to infect as many people as possible. These agents may be genetically modified by those who want to use them as a weapon. There are no accurate tests available to screen inhabitants who do not show any sign, may have been exposed to a bioterrorism agent. Rapid molecular assay is available to detect the agent who shows symptoms. This particular slide in a case study shows presence of Brucella spp. which causes Brucellosis a disease caused due to the intake of milk which is not pasteurized along with soft cheeses which is made infected animals milks, especially goats. Pathogenesis Brucella spp. is aerobic gram-negative coccobacillius generally with no pinpoint or able to be seen at 24 hrs. It grows gradually on the majority of lab media which include chocolate and sheep blood, and After 48 hrs. Growth on slides appears translucent, pinpoint, and smooth colony.Brucella can go into the human body via any cuts present in the skin, conjunctivae, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal (GI) tracts and respiratory and. Once it has been entered into the bloodstream, these particular organisms rapidly become pathogens which are contained within circulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and macrophages, which make them use of various mechanisms in order to suppress or avoid bactericidal responses. Most patients who are infected with these bacteria shows general symptoms, such as fever, malaise, sweats. (Xavier, Paixao, Hartigh, Tsolis Santos, 2010) Treatment Prognosis is generally excellent. Tetracyclines, rifampicin,amino glycosides such as streptomycin and gentamicin are various Antibiotics which are very mush effective against Brucella bacteria. (Smits, 2012)However, use of more than single antibiotic treatment is required for several days as these particular bacteria can attack within cells. More specific care is required in case other systems are involved, Doxycyclines, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Rifampin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) are commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of these particular bacteria. Combination therapy is required in patients with nervous system infections. However, the diagnosis is little poor in people, who are having endocarditis which occurs due to congestive heart failure. In endocarditis, surgery is required for a best outcome. Prevention Intake of milk which is not pasteurized and products made from milk, as well as undercooked or raw meats, are supposed to be avoided. Proper Immunization of cattle is required to fight against this disease. Infected animals or animal products shall be properly handled. Immunization cannot be done in humans as it may cause disease in humans due to use of attenuated vaccine. Brucella spp can be used as a biological weapon because this organism can enter humans through abrasions or cuts which can lead to serious infection. Sentinel labs and their role in recognizing potential episodes of bioterrorism In the nations Laboratory Response Network (LRN) all laboratories which have ability to analyze samples or specimens having biological toxin or microbial agent works as sentinels. All these sentinel labs works to recover the bioterrorism agents from specimens of patients and then pass on the particular suspected isolates to the proper public laboratory. If in case it is determined by the officials that the attack of bioterrorism has occurred, institute designs a proper preventive and protective measures in order to minimize the spread of particular disease. References 118 Xavier, M., A. Paixao, T., B. den Hartigh, A., M. Tsolis, R., L. Santos, R. (2010). Pathogenesis of Brucella spp. TOVSJ, 4(1), 109-118. https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874318801004010109 Smits, H. (2012). Control and prevention of brucellosis in small ruminants: time for action. Veterinary Record, 170(4), 97-98. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.e666